Old and New Covenant Comparisons

God gave to Israel through Moses a law of complex and strict conditions which became the basis of his Covenant with them. It was foreseen to be typical of a better covenant which would accomplish all that the Law Covenant could not, and more. The New Covenant, into which believers in the sacrifice of God's son could enter, would have a new law and effective provisions. The blood of His sacrifice would enable that covenant.

The tabulation below contrasts relative features of these two covenants. Each element, office, process or service listed in the second column relates to spiritual fact or experience affecting all who have covenanted to do God's will since the inauguration of the New Covenant at Pentecost. The spiritual discernment of the faithful writers of the New Covenant books of the Bible, Matthew through Revelation, in contrast with the instruction to and experiences of the Old Covenant people recorded in Exodus through Malachi, has made possible these comparisons.

LAW COVENANT--MADE OLD

1. Old covenant--2 Cor. 3:14

2. First covenant--Heb. 8:7; 9:1

3. Came by Moses--John 1:17

4. Law of Moses--Acts 13:38,39

5. Law of sin--Rom. 7:23; 8:2

6. Law of the flesh--Rom. 7:5,6

7. Not of faith--Gal. 3:12

8. Yoke of bondage--Gal. 5:1

9. Ended by Christ--Rom. 10:4

10. Law of death--2 Co.3:7; Ro.8:2

11. Entangles--Gal. 5:1

12. A shadow--Col. 2:14-17

13. Fulfilled--Mat. 5:17,18

14. People left imperfect--Hb.7:19

15. Glorious--2 Cor. 3:7

16. Powerless to save--Hb.9:9;10:4

17. Many sacrifices--Heb. 9:12,13

18. Temporary priest--Heb. 7:23

19. Remembers sins--Heb. 10:3

20. Yearly atonement--Heb. 10:3

21. Priests have sin--Heb. 5:1-4

22. Aaronic priesthood--Heb. 7:11

23. Out of Levi--Heb. 7:11

24. Animal sacrifices--Heb. 9:12

25. Earthly tabernacle--Heb. 9:2

26. Imperfect mediator--Gal. 3:19

27. No inheritance--Rom. 4:13

28. Instituted upon animal blood-- Heb. 9:16-22

29. Law of works--Rom. 3:27

30. Works wrath--Rom. 4:15

31. Non-redeeming--Heb. 10:4

32. Non-pleasing--Psa. 40:6

33. Abolishment predicted--Is.51:6

34. Circumcision--Exod. 12:48

35. Changeable--Heb.7:12; Gal.3:25

36. Faulty--Heb. 8:7

37. Weak--Heb. 7:18

38. Unprofitable--Heb. 7:18

39. Natural program--Heb. 9:10-14

40. Daily program--Heb. 7:27

41. Infirm priests--Heb. 5:2, 7:28

42. Priests by law--Heb. 7:12,28

43. No salvation--Heb. 10:2-4

44. Perfected nothing--Heb. 7:19

45. Earthly priests--Heb. 5:1-4

46. Repeated inability--Heb. 10:11

47. Many offerings--Heb. 9:7

48. Good promises--Deut. 28:1-14

49. A good covenant--Rom. 7:12

50. Many high priests--Heb. 7:23

51. Typical tabernacle--Heb. 9

52. No mercy--Heb. 10:28

53. Handmade things--Heb. 9:1-5,24

54. An old way--Heb. 8:13

55. Unavailing ministers--Heb.7:18

56. Carnal ministry--Heb. 9:9,10

57. Ministration of condemnation--
2 Cor. 3:9

58. Glory covered--2 Cor. 3:13

59. Brings bondage--Gal. 4:24,25

60. Cannot justify--Gal. 2:16

61. Brings a curse--Gal. 3:10

62. Live by works--Gal. 3:10

63. Cannot give life--Gal. 3:21

64. Exposes sin--Gal. 3:19

65. Under law--Rom. 6:14,15

66. Done away--2 Cor. 3:7-14

67. Abolished--2 Cor. 3:13

68. Ministry of death--2 Cor. 3:7

69. Only for Israel--Dt.4:7,8; 5:3

NEW COVENANT--DIFFERENT

FRESH New Covenant--2 Cor. 3:6

Second covenant--Heb. 8:7; 10:1-9

Came by Christ--Heb. 8:6; 9:15

Law of Christ--Gal. 6:2

Law of righteousness--Rom. 9:30,31

Law of the spirit--Rom. 8:2

Law of faith--Rom. 3:27

Law of liberty--James 1:25

Estab. by Christ--Heb. 8:6; 10:9

Law of life--Gal. 3:11;6:8

Makes free--John 8:32,36

The reality--Heb. 10:1-18

Now in force--Heb. 8:6; 10:9

Makes perfect--Heb. 7:19

More glorious--2 Cor. 3:8-10

Saves to uttermost--Heb. 7:25

One sacrifice for sins--Heb. 10:12

Eternal priest--Heb. 7:17

Forgets sins--Heb. 8:12; 10:17

Eternal atonement--Heb. 10:14

Sinless priest--Heb. 7:26

Melchisedec--Heb. 5:5-10; 7:21

Out of Judah--Heb. 7:14

Human sacrifice--Heb. 9:14-28

Heavenly tabernacle--Heb. 8:2

Sinless mediator--1 Tim. 2:5

Eternal inheritance--Heb. 9:15

Instituted upon blood of Christ--
Mat. 26:28

Law of grace and faith--John 1:17

Saves from wrath--Rom. 5:9

Redeems (Gal. 3:13; Heb. 9:12-15

Pleasing to God--Heb. 10:5-18

Establishment predicted--Heb. 8:7

No circumcision--Rom. 4:9-12

Made eternal--Heb. 13:20

Perfect--James 1:25

Strong--Heb. 7:25

Profitable--Heb. 7:19,25

Spiritual program--2 Cor. 3:6,18

Finished program--Heb.10:10-18

Perfect high priest--Heb.7:26

Made priests by oath--Heb.7:21,28

Eternal salvation--Heb.5:9; 10:10

Perfects faithful--Hb.7:19; 10:14

Heavenly priest--Heb. 9:24; 10:12

Glorious success--Heb. 10:10-18

One offering--Heb. 10:10-14

Better promises--Heb. 8:6

A better covenant--Heb. 7:22; 8:6

One high priest--Heb. 7:24-28

True tabernacle--Heb. 8:2; 9:11

Complete mercy--Heb. 8:12

Not handmade--Heb. 9:23,24

New and living way--Heb. 10:19,20

Able ministers--2 Cor. 3:6

Spiritual ministry--2 Cor. 3:6

Ministration of righteousness--
2 Cor. 3:9

Glory uncovered--2 Cor. 3:18

Brings liberty--2 Cor. 3:17

Does justify--Acts 13:38,39

Redeems from the curse--Gal. 3:13

Live by faith--Gal. 3:11

Does give life--John 6:63-68

Covers sin--Rom. 4:1-8

Under grace--Gal. 3:22-25

Not done away--2 Cor. 3:11

Continues glorious--2 Cor. 3:11

Reconciliation ministry--2 Co.5:18

For all men--Lk. 22:20; Mk. 14:2